What it is

→ Skin type VI refers to the darkest skin on the Fitzpatrick scale, which classifies skin by its response to sun exposure and pigmentation.

→ People with skin type VI have deeply pigmented skin that rarely burns but tans very easily.

→ Laser treatments for hair removal or skin rejuvenation require special settings for this skin type because higher melanin levels increase the risk of burns, blistering, and hyperpigmentation if not handled correctly.

→ In Korea, where most patients fall between types II–IV, specialized dermatology clinics also treat type V and VI skin, particularly for international patients, using advanced devices like Nd:YAG lasers designed for darker tones.

Why it’s done

→ Adjusting laser settings for skin type VI is essential to:

• Ensure safe hair removal or skin treatment without damaging surrounding skin.
• Minimize risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) or hypopigmentation.
• Achieve effective follicle targeting while protecting surface skin.
• Provide customized care for diverse skin types, especially in international patients visiting Korea for medical tourism.

Alternatives

→ For skin type VI, alternatives to laser hair removal or treatment include:

• Electrolysis → permanent but slow and less practical for large areas.
• Waxing or sugaring → temporary, may cause irritation or ingrown hairs.
• Shaving → safe but requires frequent upkeep.
• Depilatory creams → chemical-based, risk of irritation.

→ While these are safe, Nd:YAG laser treatments are generally the most effective and safest option for skin type VI.

Preparation

→ Before laser treatment, patients with skin type VI should:

• Avoid tanning and sun exposure for at least 2–4 weeks.
• Shave the treatment area 24–48 hours before (no waxing or plucking for 6 weeks).
• Keep skin clean on treatment day → no oils, lotions, or deodorants.
• Avoid strong skincare (acids, retinoids, exfoliants) for 3–5 days before.
• Disclose medical history → pigmentation disorders, keloids, or past laser complications.
• Patch test → strongly recommended for skin type VI to evaluate response before full treatment.

How it’s Done (Laser Settings)

→ The Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser is the gold standard for skin type VI because it penetrates deeply, bypassing most surface melanin, reducing risk of burns.

→ Typical parameters for hair removal on skin type VI (adjusted individually):

• Wavelength → 1064 nm (Nd:YAG).
• Fluence (energy density) → lower starting point (typically 14–20 J/cm², adjusted gradually).
• Pulse duration → longer pulses (20–30 ms or more) to safely deliver energy without overheating the epidermis.
• Spot size → large spot sizes (12–18 mm) for deeper penetration and better safety.
• Repetition rate → moderate speed to allow cooling between pulses.
• Cooling → strong integrated cooling (contact cooling tips, chilled air, or cryogen spray).

→ For skin rejuvenation or pigmentation treatments, very conservative energy settings and test patches are used to avoid post-treatment darkening.

→ Each session lasts from a few minutes (small areas) to 45–60 minutes (large areas).

Recovery

→ Recovery for skin type VI patients requires extra care:

• Immediate effects → mild redness and warmth, usually gone within hours.
• 24–48 hours → skin returns to baseline with proper cooling and moisturizing.
• 1–3 weeks → treated hairs shed naturally (for LHR).

→ Aftercare instructions include:

• Use broad-spectrum sunscreen daily, as pigmentation changes are more likely.
• Apply soothing creams or aloe vera to reduce inflammation.
• Avoid saunas, hot showers, and strenuous workouts for 24–48 hours.
• Do not pick or scratch treated areas.

→ Close follow-up is important to monitor for pigmentary changes.

Complications

→ Risks in skin type VI patients are higher if improper settings are used:

• Hyperpigmentation (darkening of skin).
• Hypopigmentation (loss of pigment, creating lighter patches).
• Burns or blistering if fluence is too high.
• Scarring or keloids in rare cases.
• Paradoxical hypertrichosis (rare, new hair growth in nearby untreated areas).

→ These risks are minimized with Nd:YAG lasers, proper settings, and experienced dermatologists.

Treatment options in Korea

→ Although skin type VI is less common in Korea, specialized dermatology centers and medical tourism clinics are equipped to provide safe treatments:

• Nd:YAG laser systems → widely available in Korean dermatology clinics, optimized for darker skin.
• Multi-platform devices → many Korean clinics use systems that combine Alexandrite, Diode, and Nd:YAG, tailoring treatment to patient needs.
• Expert dermatologists → trained to adjust fluence, pulse width, and cooling for darker skin.
• Pigmentation management protocols → strong focus on preventing PIH with aftercare regimens.
• Integrated skincare → Korean clinics often combine LHR with brightening, hydrating, and calming treatments to support skin tone balance.
• Medical tourism services → Seoul and Busan clinics cater to international patients, offering English-speaking staff and aftercare programs.

→ With modern Nd:YAG technology, conservative protocols, and expert dermatologists, Korea provides safe and effective laser treatments even for skin type VI patients.