Overview
Whiteheads are a common type of acne characterized by small, flesh-colored or white bumps on the skin. They occur when pores become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria but remain closed at the surface. Whiteheads are non-inflammatory and usually painless but can develop into other forms of acne if left untreated. They most often appear on the face, chest, shoulders, and back.
What is Whiteheads?
Whiteheads, also called closed comedones, are a mild form of acne that forms when a hair follicle becomes clogged with sebum (skin oil) and keratin (dead skin cells). Unlike blackheads, which have open pores and turn dark due to oxidation, whiteheads are covered by a thin layer of skin, giving them a white or skin-colored appearance. They are most common during puberty but can affect individuals of all ages due to hormonal changes, poor skincare habits, or other factors.
Symptoms
Whiteheads typically present as:
- Small, round white or skin-colored bumps
- Firm to the touch, often less than 2mm in diameter
- Located on the face, especially the nose, cheeks, and forehead
- May also appear on the chest, shoulders, or upper back
- Usually not painful or inflamed, unless irritated or infected
- May occur alongside other types of acne (blackheads, papules, or pustules)
Causes
Whiteheads form due to blockage of hair follicles, which traps sebum and dead skin cells under the surface. Common causes include:
- Hormonal changes during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or due to medications
- Excess oil production
- Poor skincare habits, such as infrequent cleansing or using pore-clogging products
- Use of heavy makeup or oily cosmetics
- Wearing tight clothing or headgear
- Genetics – acne often runs in families
Risk Factors
You may be more likely to develop whiteheads if you:
- Are a teenager or young adult
- Have oily or acne-prone skin
- Use comedogenic (pore-clogging) products
- Are exposed to high humidity or sweat regularly
- Have a family history of acne
- Experience hormonal fluctuations (e.g., polycystic ovary syndrome)
- Take certain medications like corticosteroids, lithium, or androgens
Complications
While whiteheads are usually mild, complications can occur if they are improperly handled:
- Skin irritation or inflammation from picking or squeezing
- Scarring or hyperpigmentation
- Development into inflamed acne, such as pustules or cysts
- Psychological distress, especially in visible areas of the face
- Infection, if bacteria are introduced into the pore
Prevention
Preventing whiteheads involves maintaining a consistent skincare routine and avoiding pore-clogging behaviors:
- Cleanse the face twice daily with a gentle, non-comedogenic cleanser
- Exfoliate regularly to remove dead skin cells (avoid harsh scrubs)
- Use oil-free and non-comedogenic cosmetics and sunscreens
- Avoid touching your face frequently
- Shower after sweating, especially after workouts
- Keep hair clean and away from the face
- Manage hormonal imbalances with medical guidance if necessary
Treatment Options in Korea
South Korea offers advanced dermatological care with a wide range of treatments for whiteheads and acne. Options include:
- Topical treatments:
- Benzoyl peroxide
- Salicylic acid
- Retinoids (adapalene, tretinoin)
- Prescription medications:
- Topical or oral antibiotics for inflamed acne
- Hormonal therapy for women (e.g., oral contraceptives)
- In-office procedures:
- Chemical peels to exfoliate and clear pores
- Comedone extraction performed by dermatologists
- Laser and light therapies (e.g., LED, IPL) to reduce oil and bacteria
- Microneedling and aqua peeling to improve skin texture
- Customized skincare plans offered at dermatology clinics such as:
- Banobagi Dermatology, Oracle Skin Clinic, and ID Hospital
- Major hospitals like Seoul National University Hospital and Samsung Medical Center
Korean skincare clinics emphasize gentle but effective acne management, often integrating traditional and advanced technologies.
