Overview
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of the joints, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and potential joint destruction. It can also affect other organs and systems in the body. In Korea, advanced rheumatology clinics provide comprehensive diagnosis and personalized treatment plans, combining medication, rehabilitation, and lifestyle management to improve patients’ quality of life.
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
RA is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium—the lining of the joints—causing inflammation and thickening. This leads to joint damage and deformities over time. RA typically affects joints symmetrically and can cause systemic symptoms beyond the joints.
Symptoms
- Joint pain, tenderness, and swelling, commonly in hands, wrists, and feet
- Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
- Fatigue and general malaise
- Joint deformities in advanced cases
- Low-grade fever
- Rheumatoid nodules under the skin
- Involvement of other organs such as lungs, heart, and eyes
Causes
- Exact cause unknown; involves genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers
- Autoimmune reaction targeting joint tissues
- Possible triggers include infections, smoking, and hormonal factors
Risk Factors
- Female gender (more common in women)
- Family history of RA or other autoimmune diseases
- Smoking
- Age between 30 and 60 years
- Obesity
Complications
- Joint deformity and loss of function
- Osteoporosis and increased fracture risk
- Cardiovascular disease
- Lung disease (interstitial lung disease)
- Increased risk of infections due to immunosuppressive treatment
- Fatigue and reduced quality of life
Prevention
- No guaranteed prevention, but early diagnosis and treatment can prevent joint damage
- Healthy lifestyle with smoking cessation and balanced diet
- Regular medical check-ups for at-risk individuals
Treatment Options in Korea
Korean rheumatology centers offer advanced and individualized treatment strategies for RA:
- Medications:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for symptom relief
- Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate to slow disease progression
- Biologic agents targeting specific immune pathways (e.g., TNF inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors)
- Corticosteroids for acute flare control
- Physical Therapy: Customized exercise programs to maintain joint function and mobility.
- Occupational Therapy: Assistance with daily activities and use of assistive devices.
- Surgical Interventions: Joint replacement or synovectomy in severe cases.
- Patient Education: Support for disease management, medication adherence, and lifestyle changes.
