Overview
Refractive errors are common vision problems caused by the eye’s inability to properly focus light on the retina, leading to blurred vision. They affect people of all ages and are among the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide.
What Are Refractive Errors?
Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing directly on the retina. The main types include myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), astigmatism (distorted vision), and presbyopia (age-related difficulty focusing on close objects).
Symptoms
- Blurred or distorted vision
- Difficulty seeing distant or close objects clearly
- Eye strain or discomfort
- Headaches due to visual stress
- Squinting to see better
- Difficulty driving or reading
Causes
- Abnormal curvature of the cornea or lens
- Length of the eyeball being too long or too short
- Aging leading to loss of lens flexibility (presbyopia)
- Genetic predisposition
Risk Factors
- Family history of refractive errors
- Excessive close work or screen time
- Aging (especially for presbyopia)
- Certain health conditions like diabetes
Complications
- Eye strain and headaches
- Reduced quality of life due to impaired vision
- Increased risk of accidents due to poor vision
- Potential development of amblyopia (“lazy eye”) in children if untreated
Prevention
- Regular eye examinations
- Proper lighting when reading or working
- Taking breaks during prolonged near work
- Wearing protective eyewear when necessary
- Managing systemic health conditions that affect eyes
Treatment Options in Korea
Korea offers advanced care for refractive errors:
- Eyeglasses and Contact Lenses: Corrective lenses tailored to individual prescriptions.
- Refractive Surgery: LASIK, PRK, SMILE, and other laser eye surgeries to reshape the cornea.
- Orthokeratology: Special contact lenses worn overnight to temporarily reshape the cornea.
- Vision Therapy: Exercises and therapies to improve focusing and eye coordination.
- Comprehensive Eye Exams: Regular screenings to monitor eye health and update prescriptions.
- Pediatric Eye Care: Early detection and management of refractive errors in children.
Korean ophthalmology clinics utilize state-of-the-art technology and experienced specialists to provide safe and effective vision correction tailored to patient needs.
