Overview
An ingrown hair cyst, often referred to as a pseudocyst or an inflamed cyst caused by ingrown hairs, is a common skin condition where hair grows back into the skin instead of outward. This leads to inflammation, redness, and sometimes the formation of a painful cystic nodule beneath the skin. These cysts can develop anywhere hair grows but are most frequently seen in areas subjected to frequent shaving or friction, such as the neck, face, armpits, and groin. In Korea, dermatologists effectively diagnose and treat ingrown hair cysts using modern skin care techniques and minimally invasive procedures to reduce discomfort and prevent recurrence.
What is an Ingrown Hair Cyst?
An ingrown hair cyst forms when a hair curls back or grows sideways into the skin, causing irritation and blockage of hair follicles. The trapped hair incites an inflammatory response, which can lead to the formation of a cyst filled with fluid, pus, or keratin debris. Unlike simple ingrown hairs that cause minor bumps, ingrown hair cysts are larger, deeper, and more prone to infection.
Symptoms
- Raised, swollen, and tender nodules under the skin
- Redness and inflammation surrounding the cyst
- Pain or discomfort, especially when touched or irritated
- Possible pus or fluid drainage if infected
- Darkened or hyperpigmented skin around the cyst area
- Presence of visible ingrown hair inside the cyst in some cases
Causes
- Improper hair removal methods such as shaving, waxing, or plucking
- Curly or coarse hair types that are more likely to re-enter the skin
- Friction from tight clothing or repetitive rubbing
- Blockage of hair follicles by dead skin cells or oils
- Poor skin hygiene or infrequent exfoliation
Risk Factors
- Frequent shaving or waxing, especially in sensitive areas
- Individuals with naturally curly or coarse hair
- Wearing tight clothing that irritates the skin
- Lack of proper skin exfoliation and moisturizing
- History of similar cysts or folliculitis
Complications
- Secondary bacterial infection leading to abscess formation
- Scarring or keloid formation after healing
- Chronic inflammation and recurrence of cysts
- Hyperpigmentation or discoloration in affected areas
Prevention
- Use gentle hair removal techniques such as electric razors or professional laser hair removal
- Avoid tight clothing that causes friction
- Regular exfoliation to remove dead skin cells and prevent follicle blockage
- Moisturizing skin to maintain healthy barrier function
- Avoiding shaving too closely or against the grain
Treatment Options in Korea
Diagnosis
- Clinical examination by dermatologists focusing on lesion characteristics
- Dermoscopy to visualize ingrown hairs and follicular involvement
- Ultrasound in complicated or deep cysts to assess extent
Medical Treatments
- Topical antibiotics or antiseptics to prevent or treat infection
- Anti-inflammatory creams or corticosteroids to reduce swelling and pain
- Keratolytic agents like salicylic acid to promote exfoliation
- Oral antibiotics if secondary infection is present
Surgical or Advanced Therapies
- Incision and drainage for large or abscessed cysts
- Minor surgical excision for persistent cysts to remove the hair follicle and cyst wall
- Laser hair removal to reduce hair growth and prevent recurrence
- Chemical peels or microdermabrasion as adjunctive treatments
Rehabilitation and Support
- Patient education on proper hair removal and skin care routines
- Follow-up to monitor healing and prevent recurrence
- Management of scarring or pigmentation changes with dermatologic procedures
Top Hospitals or Clinics in Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital – Dermatology Department
- Samsung Medical Center – Skin and Hair Clinic
- Asan Medical Center – Dermatology and Cosmetic Dermatology Unit
- Yonsei Severance Hospital – Dermatology and Laser Therapy Clinic
