Overview
Idiopathic scoliosis is a spinal condition characterized by an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine with no identifiable cause. The spine may curve in an “S” or “C” shape and can involve rotation of the vertebrae. It is the most common form of scoliosis, often developing during the growth spurt before puberty. In Korea, specialized spine centers and orthopedic clinics offer advanced diagnostic imaging, customized bracing, and minimally invasive or corrective surgeries, focusing on preserving mobility and preventing curve progression.
What is Idiopathic Scoliosis?
Idiopathic scoliosis is defined as a lateral curvature of the spine greater than 10 degrees (Cobb angle) on an X-ray, without a known underlying disease. The term “idiopathic” means that the exact cause is unknown. The condition is classified into:
- Infantile idiopathic scoliosis – Onset before age 3
- Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis – Onset between ages 4 and 9
- Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) – Onset between ages 10 and skeletal maturity (most common)
Symptoms
- Uneven shoulders or waist
- One hip higher than the other
- Rib prominence on one side when bending forward
- Clothing fitting unevenly
- Back pain (more common in adults)
- In severe cases, breathing difficulties due to reduced lung space
Causes
The cause remains unknown, but research suggests a combination of:
- Genetic predisposition
- Growth and hormonal factors
- Neuromuscular imbalance
Risk Factors
- Female gender (higher risk of progression)
- Family history of scoliosis
- Age (adolescents more commonly affected)
- Rapid growth spurts
Complications
- Curve progression leading to deformity
- Chronic back pain
- Respiratory or cardiac problems in severe cases
- Emotional or psychological effects from body image changes
Prevention
Since the exact cause is unknown, there is no sure prevention. Early detection through school screening or regular check-ups can prevent severe progression.
Treatment Options in Korea
Diagnosis
- Physical examination – Adam’s forward bend test
- X-rays – Measuring Cobb angle for curve severity
- MRI/CT scan – If neurological symptoms are present
- Scoliometer assessment – Measures trunk asymmetry
Medical Treatments
- Observation – For mild curves (<20°) in growing children
- Bracing – Prevents curve progression in moderate cases (20°–40°)
- Physical therapy & Schroth method – Exercises to improve posture and spinal alignment
Surgical or Advanced Therapies
- Spinal fusion surgery – Gold standard for severe curves (>45°–50°)
- Growth modulation surgery – For children with significant growth remaining
- Minimally invasive scoliosis surgery (MISS) – Smaller incisions and quicker recovery
- Vertebral body tethering (VBT) – Preserves motion in growing children
Rehabilitation and Support
- Post-surgery physiotherapy to restore movement and strength
- Long-term exercise programs to maintain flexibility
- Counseling for emotional well-being in adolescents
Top Hospitals or Clinics in Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital – Spine Center – Comprehensive scoliosis diagnosis and treatment
- Samsung Medical Center – Orthopedic Department – Expertise in both bracing and advanced surgeries
- Asan Medical Center – Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery – Specialized care for growing children with scoliosis
- Yonsei Severance Hospital – Spine & Orthopedic Institute – Multidisciplinary scoliosis management
