Overview

Gilbert’s syndrome is a common, mild liver condition in which the liver does not properly process bilirubin, leading to intermittent jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). It is generally harmless and does not require treatment. In Korea, hepatology specialists provide diagnosis, reassurance, and monitoring when necessary.

Symptoms

• Mild jaundice, usually triggered by stress, fasting, illness, or dehydration
• Fatigue or mild weakness in some individuals
• Occasionally mild abdominal discomfort
• Symptoms often fluctuate and may not always be present

Causes

• Genetic mutation affecting the UGT1A1 enzyme, which helps process bilirubin
• Reduced ability of the liver to conjugate bilirubin
• Autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, so it may run in families

Risk Factors

• Family history of Gilbert’s syndrome
• Male gender (more common in men)
• Triggers such as fasting, dehydration, illness, stress, or intense exercise
• Certain medications that affect liver function

Diagnosis

In Korea, diagnosis is made using:

• Blood tests showing mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin levels
• Liver function tests to rule out other liver diseases
• Genetic testing for UGT1A1 mutations if needed
• Patient history noting episodes of jaundice and potential triggers
• Exclusion of other liver conditions such as hepatitis or hemolysis

Prevention

• Avoiding fasting or skipping meals for long periods
• Managing stress and staying well-hydrated
• Monitoring bilirubin levels during illness or other triggers
• Avoiding unnecessary hepatotoxic medications

Treatment Options in Korea

1. Lifestyle Management
   • Regular meals and avoiding prolonged fasting
   • Adequate hydration and stress management
   • Monitoring and minimizing exposure to triggers
2. Medical Care
   • Typically, no specific medication is required
   • Rarely, clinicians may investigate associated conditions if symptoms are severe or unusual
3. Specialist Care
   • Hepatologists in Korean hospitals provide diagnosis confirmation and reassurance
   • Genetic counseling for families if needed