Overview
Gardnerella is a type of bacteria commonly associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), a condition where the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted. It can cause unpleasant symptoms, although some women may not experience any noticeable signs. While Gardnerella is not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI) on its own, sexual activity can increase the risk of developing BV.
What is Gardnerella?
Gardnerella vaginalis is a bacterium naturally present in small amounts in the vaginal flora. When it overgrows and disrupts the balance of healthy bacteria, it can lead to bacterial vaginosis. This condition is more common in sexually active women but can also occur in women who are not sexually active.
Symptoms
- Thin, greyish-white vaginal discharge
- Fishy vaginal odor, especially after intercourse
- Mild vaginal itching or irritation
- Burning sensation during urination (less common)
- Sometimes no symptoms at all
Causes
- Disruption of the normal vaginal microbiome
- Multiple or new sexual partners
- Vaginal douching
- Use of scented hygiene products
- Hormonal changes
Risk Factors
- Being sexually active, especially with multiple partners
- Previous history of bacterial vaginosis
- Use of intrauterine devices (IUDs)
- Hormonal fluctuations (e.g., pregnancy, menopause)
Complications
- Increased risk of contracting STIs (e.g., HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea)
- Pregnancy complications such as preterm birth or low birth weight
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) if untreated
Prevention
- Avoid vaginal douching
- Limit the number of sexual partners
- Use condoms to reduce bacterial imbalance
- Maintain good genital hygiene without harsh products
Treatment Options in Korea
In Korea, Gardnerella (bacterial vaginosis) is typically diagnosed using a pelvic examination and laboratory tests of vaginal discharge. Treatment often involves:
- Oral antibiotics (e.g., metronidazole, clindamycin)
- Topical antibiotic creams or gels
- Probiotics to restore healthy vaginal flora
- Patient education on prevention and hygiene
Korean gynecologists often emphasize follow-up visits to ensure the infection is fully resolved and to check for recurrence.
