Overview
Flat feet, also known as fallen arches, is a condition where the arches of the feet collapse, causing the entire sole to touch the ground. This condition can affect children and adults, sometimes causing pain, altered gait, and postural issues. In Korea, flat feet are commonly evaluated in orthopedic and rehabilitation clinics, and treatment options range from conservative management to advanced surgical interventions for severe cases. Modern diagnostic techniques like gait analysis, 3D foot imaging, and custom orthotics are widely available.
What are Flat Feet?
Flat feet occur when the medial longitudinal arch of the foot is absent or reduced, either due to congenital factors, injury, or age-related weakening of ligaments. While some individuals are asymptomatic, others experience discomfort, fatigue, or secondary problems in knees, hips, and back.
- Flexible flat feet: Arch appears while sitting or standing on toes but collapses during weight-bearing.
- Rigid flat feet: Arch is permanently flat and may be associated with pain or structural deformity.
Symptoms
- Pain or aching in the feet, particularly in the arches or heels
- Swelling along the inside of the ankle
- Flat appearance of the feet when standing
- Fatigue in the legs after prolonged standing or walking
- Difficulty wearing certain shoes
- Altered walking gait or limping in severe cases
- Pain in knees, hips, or lower back due to misalignment
Causes
- Congenital (present at birth)
- Weak or overstretched ligaments and tendons supporting the arch
- Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (common in adults)
- Arthritis or joint degeneration
- Obesity or excessive body weight
- Injury or trauma to the foot or ankle
- Neurological conditions affecting muscle tone
Risk Factors
- Family history of flat feet
- Overweight or obese individuals
- Aging (ligaments and tendons weaken over time)
- Foot or ankle injuries
- Rheumatoid arthritis or other joint conditions
- Occupations requiring prolonged standing or walking
Complications
- Chronic foot pain and fatigue
- Increased risk of plantar fasciitis
- Misalignment of knees, hips, and spine leading to pain
- Development of bunions or hammer toes
- Reduced physical activity due to discomfort
Prevention
- Early detection in children to monitor arch development
- Proper footwear with arch support
- Weight management to reduce stress on the feet
- Stretching and strengthening exercises for foot muscles
- Avoiding prolonged standing on hard surfaces
- Orthotic insoles to provide support and prevent worsening
Treatment Options in Korea
Diagnosis:
- Physical examination and evaluation of foot posture
- X-ray imaging to assess bone alignment
- 3D gait analysis in specialized orthopedic centers
- MRI or ultrasound if tendon injury is suspected
Medical Treatments:
- Custom orthotic insoles to support the arches
- Pain relief with NSAIDs for inflammation or discomfort
- Physical therapy including strengthening exercises for arches and ankles
- Stretching exercises for Achilles tendon and plantar fascia
Surgical or Advanced Interventions:
- Surgical reconstruction for severe or rigid flat feet
- Tendon transfer or fusion procedures in complicated cases
- Minimally invasive procedures to correct deformities
Rehabilitation & Support:
- Postoperative physiotherapy to restore gait and mobility
- Long-term use of supportive footwear
- Exercise regimens for foot and ankle strength
- Education on foot care and lifestyle adjustments
