Overview
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent layer covering the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. It is a common eye condition that can affect people of all ages. While usually mild, prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent complications and reduce the spread of infectious forms. South Korea provides high-quality ophthalmology services for effective management.
What is Conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis is the irritation or inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by infections, allergies, or irritants. It can be classified as:
- Viral Conjunctivitis: Most common; highly contagious and often associated with upper respiratory infections.
- Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Caused by bacteria; may produce pus or sticky discharge.
- Allergic Conjunctivitis: Triggered by allergens like pollen, dust, or pet dander.
- Irritant Conjunctivitis: Caused by chemical exposure, smoke, or foreign bodies.
Symptoms
- Redness in one or both eyes
- Itching or burning sensation
- Watery or thick discharge
- Swelling of the eyelids
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Gritty feeling or discomfort in the eyes
- Crusting of eyelids, especially in bacterial conjunctivitis
Causes
- Viral infections (adenovirus, herpes simplex virus)
- Bacterial infections (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus)
- Allergic reactions (seasonal pollen, dust mites, pet dander)
- Chemical or environmental irritants (chlorine, smoke)
- Contact lens misuse or poor hygiene
Risk Factors
- Young children and school-aged children (highly contagious)
- Contact lens wearers
- People with allergies
- Immunocompromised individuals
- Exposure to contaminated surfaces or poor hygiene
- Recent upper respiratory infection
Complications
- Keratitis (corneal infection or ulcer) in severe bacterial or viral cases
- Chronic conjunctivitis with persistent irritation
- Spread of infection to others
- Vision impairment if cornea is involved (rare)
- Secondary eye infections due to scratching or rubbing
Prevention
- Frequent handwashing and hygiene practices
- Avoid touching or rubbing eyes
- Do not share towels, pillows, or eye makeup
- Proper cleaning and use of contact lenses
- Manage allergies with antihistamines or avoiding triggers
- Isolate infected individuals in schools or households if contagious
Treatment Options in Korea
South Korea offers advanced ophthalmology care for conjunctivitis with rapid diagnosis and effective treatment.
- Diagnosis
- Eye examination by ophthalmologist
- Slit-lamp examination to check conjunctiva and cornea
- Swab tests for bacterial or viral identification if needed
- Allergy testing for suspected allergic conjunctivitis
- Medications
- Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Antibiotic eye drops or ointments (e.g., fluoroquinolones, erythromycin)
- Viral Conjunctivitis: Supportive care; antiviral treatment if herpes virus is involved
- Allergic Conjunctivitis: Antihistamine or mast-cell stabilizer eye drops
- Artificial tears to relieve irritation and dryness
- Home Care and Supportive Measures
- Cold or warm compresses to reduce swelling and discomfort
- Maintain eye hygiene and avoid touching eyes
- Proper disposal of tissues and cleaning of contaminated surfaces
- Specialized Eye Clinics in Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital Ophthalmology Department – Comprehensive care and advanced diagnostics
- Samsung Medical Center Eye Clinic – Treatment for infectious and allergic conjunctivitis
- Asan Medical Center Ophthalmology – Pediatric and adult conjunctivitis management
- Follow-up
- Monitor for worsening symptoms or vision changes
- Ensure completion of prescribed antibiotic course if bacterial
- Regular checkups for recurrent or chronic cases
