Overview

Oral herpes is a common and highly contagious viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), typically HSV-1. It results in painful blisters or sores around the lips, mouth, and sometimes inside the oral cavity. Although the initial outbreak can be severe, the virus remains dormant in the body and may reactivate periodically, especially during times of stress or illness. While there is no permanent cure, symptoms can be effectively managed with proper care.

What is Oral Herpes?

Oral herpes, also known as herpes labialis or cold sores, is an infection characterized by the appearance of fluid-filled blisters or sores near the mouth and lips. The virus is spread through direct contact with infected saliva, skin, or surfaces. Once a person is infected, the virus stays in the body for life and may become active again in the future. Most cases are caused by HSV-1, although HSV-2 (typically genital herpes) can also cause oral symptoms.

Symptoms

• Tingling, itching, or burning sensation around the mouth before sores appear
• Small, painful blisters or ulcers on the lips, gums, or roof of the mouth
• Crusting and scabbing as blisters heal
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
• Fever, fatigue, or body aches during the initial outbreak
• Difficulty eating or swallowing in severe cases
• Recurrent episodes triggered by stress, illness, or sun exposure

Causes

Oral herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus, primarily HSV-1. The virus is transmitted through:

• Kissing or direct contact with the sores of an infected person
• Sharing utensils, lip balm, towels, or razors
• Oral-genital contact with someone who has genital herpes (HSV-2)
• Touching the infected area and then touching the mouth or face

Risk Factors

• Close contact with an infected individual
• Weakened immune system
• Stress or emotional strain
• Illness, fever, or cold
• Hormonal changes (e.g., menstruation)
• Excessive sun exposure
• Use of immunosuppressive medications

Complications

While oral herpes is usually not dangerous, complications can occur, especially in people with weakened immune systems:

• Herpes keratitis (eye infection) if the virus spreads to the eyes
• Eczema herpeticum in people with skin conditions like eczema
• Severe or widespread outbreaks in immunocompromised individuals
• Psychological stress or social embarrassment due to visible sores
• Dehydration in children or the elderly who have trouble eating during outbreaks

Prevention

• Avoid direct contact with an infected person during an active outbreak
• Do not share personal items such as lip balm, utensils, or toothbrushes
• Practice good hand hygiene
• Use lip balm with sunblock to reduce recurrence
• Manage stress and maintain a healthy immune system
• Avoid oral-genital contact with partners who have genital herpes
• Use antiviral medications if prescribed to reduce outbreak frequency

Treatment Option in Korea

South Korea provides high-quality dermatological and infectious disease care, including treatments for viral infections like oral herpes. Patients can receive rapid diagnosis and modern treatment options such as:

• Antiviral medications: Oral or topical drugs like acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir are used to shorten the duration of outbreaks and reduce severity
• Pain relief: Over-the-counter creams or prescription anesthetics to ease discomfort
• Laser therapy: Some clinics offer laser treatment to reduce outbreak duration and speed up healing
• Immune system support: Patients with recurrent herpes may receive evaluations to strengthen their immune response
• Patient education: Counseling on triggers, recurrence management, and infection prevention

Top hospitals like Seoul National University Hospital, Asan Medical Center, and specialized dermatology clinics in Gangnam and other major cities offer English-speaking services, making them ideal for both locals and international patients seeking professional care for herpes-related conditions.