Overview
Hallux rigidus is a degenerative condition of the big toe joint (metatarsophalangeal joint) that results in stiffness, pain, and limited movement. It is a form of arthritis that primarily affects the joint at the base of the big toe, often leading to difficulty walking and performing daily activities.
In Korea, hallux rigidus is increasingly diagnosed due to lifestyle factors, urban walking habits, and aging populations. Korean orthopedic clinics offer advanced imaging, conservative treatments, and minimally invasive surgical options for effective management.
What is Hallux Rigidus?
Hallux rigidus is a progressive arthritis of the big toe, characterized by stiffness and reduced range of motion. Over time, cartilage degeneration leads to pain, bone spurs, and difficulty bending the toe. It typically affects middle-aged and older adults, with men and women equally susceptible.
Symptoms
- Pain at the base of the big toe, especially when walking or standing
- Stiffness and reduced motion in the big toe joint
- Swelling or inflammation around the joint
- Bone spurs (osteophytes) that may be visible or palpable
- Difficulty wearing shoes or walking long distances
- Gradual worsening of symptoms over time
Causes
- Degenerative arthritis (osteoarthritis)
- Repetitive stress or trauma to the big toe joint
- Abnormal foot mechanics, such as flat feet or high arches
- Previous injuries to the toe
- Genetic predisposition to joint degeneration
Risk Factors
- Age over 50 years
- History of trauma or repetitive stress to the toe
- Foot deformities such as bunions or flat feet
- Occupational or recreational activities that place repeated stress on the toes
- Family history of arthritis
Complications
- Chronic pain affecting mobility and quality of life
- Development of bone spurs leading to further joint restriction
- Difficulty participating in physical activities or sports
- Secondary deformities in the foot due to altered gait
- Need for surgery if conservative management fails
Prevention
- Wearing properly fitted shoes with adequate toe room
- Avoiding high-impact activities that stress the big toe joint
- Using orthotic inserts to correct foot mechanics
- Early treatment of minor injuries or bunions
- Regular exercise to maintain joint flexibility
Treatment Options in Korea
Diagnosis
- Physical examination of the big toe and foot
- X-rays to assess joint space, osteophytes, and arthritis progression
- MRI or CT scans for detailed evaluation of soft tissues and cartilage
- Gait analysis in specialized orthopedic clinics
Medical Treatments
- Conservative care: NSAIDs for pain relief, activity modification
- Orthotic devices to support the foot and reduce joint stress
- Physical therapy to maintain mobility and strengthen surrounding muscles
- Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation in severe cases
Surgical or Advanced Therapies
- Cheilectomy: removal of bone spurs to improve joint movement
- Arthrodesis (joint fusion): for advanced arthritis causing severe pain
- Joint replacement (arthroplasty): in selected cases to preserve movement
- Minimally invasive and robot-assisted foot surgery options available in Korean orthopedic centers
Rehabilitation and Support
- Gradual return to walking and activities post-surgery
- Foot exercises to maintain flexibility and strength
- Monitoring for post-surgical complications
- Education on footwear and lifestyle modifications
